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William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 11 May 1138) was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He was more often referred to as ''Earl Warenne'' or ''Earl of Warenne'' than as Earl of Surrey.〔G. E. Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage'', Vol. XII/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953) p. 495〕 ==Life== His father, the 1st Earl, was one of the Conqueror's most trusted and most rewarded barons who, at his death in 1088, was the 3rd or 4th richest magnate in England.〔C. Warren Hollister, 'The Taming of a Turbulent Earl: Henry I and William of Warenne', ''Historical Reflections'', Vol. 3 (1976), p. 87〕 In 1088 William II inherited his father's lands in England and his Norman estates including the castles of Mortemer and Bellencombre in Haute-Normandy. But William II was not as disposed to serve the king as his father was.〔 In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d.1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert of Normandy.〔''The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis'', ed. Marjorie Chibnall, Vol. 2 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990)p. 692〕 In 1093 he attempted to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king Malcolm III of Scotland.〔C. Warren Hollister, ''Henry I'' (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003)p. 340〕 She instead married Henry I of England, and this may have been the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which motivated him in the following years.〔C. Warren Hollister, 'The Taming of a Turbulent Earl: Henry I and William of Warenne', ''Historical Reflections''. Vol. 3 (1976) p. 87〕 When Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy invaded England 1101 William joined him.〔''The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis'', ed. Marjorie Chibnall, Vol. 2 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990), p.785〕 But when Curthose promptly surrendered to Henry I, William lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy.〔 There he complained to Curthose that he had expended great effort on the duke's behalf and in return lost all of his English possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother, the king, to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up his 3000 mark annual pension he had received after the 1101 invasion, after which William's lands and titles were restored to him.〔 To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury forbade the marriage based on the couple being related in the 4th generation on one side, and in the 6th generation on the other.〔Edmund Chester Waters, 'Gundrada de Warenne', ''Archaeological Journal'', Vol. XLI (1884), p. 303〕 William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court.〔 In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. In this way king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory.〔〔C. Warren Hollister, 'The Taming of a Turbulent Earl: Henry I and William of Warenne', ''Historical Reflections'', Vol. 3 (1976) p. 89〕 He fought for Henry I at the Battle of Bremule in 1119.〔〔Orderic Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. III (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854) pp. 481-2〕 William, the second Earl of Surrey was present at Henry's deathbed in 1135.〔〔Orderic Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. IV (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1856) p. 150〕 After the king's death disturbances broke out in Normandy and William was sent to guard Rouen and the Pays de Caux.〔〔C. Warren Hollister, ''Henry I'' (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003)p. 375〕 William's death is recorded as 11-May-1138 in the register of Lewes Priory and he was buried at his father's feet at the Chapter house there.〔G. E. Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage'', Vol. XII/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953) p. 496〕 His wife, the countess Elizabeth, survived him, dying before July 1147.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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